By-product coke oven with sole firing



B. ZWILLINGER, DECD.

K. zwILLINGER, ADMINISTRATIIIX.

IXY-PRODUCT COKE OVEN WITH SOLE FIRING.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 2`2, IIIIQ.

A28, 62 l Pellve Sept. I2, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2. @2 57 2 25 72 y B25/TW,

B. ZWILLINGEH, DECD. I zwILLINGER, ADMINISIRATRIX `BYPRODUCT COKE OVEN WITH SOLE FIRING. E APPLICATION FILED IIIAIIJ22, I9I9. Lqggm, Patenasept. 12,1922.

SHEET 3.

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K. ZWILLINGER, ADMINISTRATRIX.

BYPRoDucT com ovEN WITH soLE FIRING.

APPLICATION FILEDMAR, 22, 1919. 19428,@21 l PatentedSept. 12, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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K.ZWII.LINGER, ADMINISTRATRIX.

BY-PRODUCT COKE OV-EN WITH SOLE FIFIING.

APPLICATION FILED MAR 22, I9I9.

Patented Sept. 12, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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a m I Q g m N O www C) lukdv Patented Sept., l2, Q.

.entre Nr fa'rjr BERNHARD ZWILLING-ER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.; KLARA SWILLINGER, ADMNTSTRA- TRIX F SAID BERNHARD ZW ILLINGER, DEC'EASIEID.`

:BY-PRODUCT COKE OVENA WITH SDLE FIRNG.

Application filed March 22, 1919. Serial No. 284,376.

- excluding the admission of air from the oven chamber, and to arrange separate flues underneath the oven chamber and supply them with air and gas for combustion, the flues lying beneath the sole of the oven on which the carbonaceous material is placed, and the air and gas supplies being arranged, atboth ends of the oven, i. e,adjacent-oppositeends of the combustion flues.

Another object .of my invention is to do away with large heat-reflecting surfaces, and nevertheless adequately,` and uniformly heat the oven chamber and the charge from end to,- end.'

Another object is to construct an oven much smaller in first cost than the by-product ovens heated by side walls. l

Another object is to produce the highest amount of undecomposed by-products such as ammonia, tar, benzol and homologues, as well as a hard-bodied metallurgical coke.

Other objects are to increase the tonnage and to make the oven as air and gas tight as possibile and construct the oven in such a manner that it can be operated with the least f amount of wear andtear.

Rectangular ovens in which the oven sole is of substantially rectangular shape form a class some of which are known in the art'as Belgian ovens, Welsh ovens, or

Mitchell ovens ln relation to form and size theseovens differ -to a very marked degree from'the modern hy-product oven, inasmuch as lthe coking chamber in the latter hasonly-an average width of from 15 to 2O inches while the coking chamber of the rectangular oven is 5 feet wide Vand more.

These rectangulary ovens can generally be divided into two classes gand in usingthis term in the specifica-ton l refer tothe above mentioned Belgian, Welsh,fMitchell ovens, etc

1. @vens in which the coking is done yby internal combustion supported by the aidof air, this being also the'method practiced in the ordinary bee hive ove-ns, these ovens producinof coke only; and

ovens are heated from the outside and botvens with bottoms or soles of substantially rectangular shape by which 'the toms, excluding the admission of atmos'- pheric air into the charge and obtainingthe by-products'and coke from the coal.

y invention, with its numerous improvements, applies to they latter class of ovens which are heated by burning combustible gases beneath the bottom or sole of the oven.'

Rectangular ovens heated vfrom beneath the bottomfhave one great disadvantage in common. lThese ovens must be built very long, exceeding 30 feet or more in length to operate them on a practical scale. Now, the source of heat being applied in these ovens at one end only, the burning gases must trav-` el all along this great length land in doing so the area of heated bottom furthest from the source of heat will receive an insufficient quantity of heat.

Heat applied in the manner described will not produce a uniform quality of coke, a matter of great importance. This manner of heating will, in addition, prolong the time necessary to complete the coking of the charge, thus reducing the tonnage. Another disadvantage of the rectangular oven heated from beneath and from one end only is that the considerable difference in temper-v ature from one end to the other of the oven is liable to produce leaks, owing to the unevenI expansion and contraction of the refractory material.

In accordance with my invention li make use of a plurality of `separate and independent flues, that is, more than one flue, for underfiring the oven. The walls of the flues separate them from each other, which makes them independent. This flue system in the preferred embodiment of the invention is duplex, comprising two sets of combustion flues. Each single combustion flue is supplied with fresh gas and hot air by ports adjacent each end ofthe oven and each combustion flue is directly connected b v a short,

direct path with the waste main after the' burning gases have given oif their heat to the bottom on which the charge to be carbonized is placed. It is obvious that by heating the bottom in the manner described and as shown in the drawings, and by conducting the burning gases from opposite inlet ends of the flue system, in a uniflow manner without reversal and also avoiding the formation of stagnant gas pockets or quiet gas films which are caused by gas currents flowing in serpentine lines, a most energetic heating on the entire bottom wall is effected. Furthermore, the loss of pressure caused by friction in the combustion flues is reduced to a minimum and the condition of draft in the entire oven system leaves nothing to be desired.

The oven as represented in this specification being heated from below only from both ends, by separate and independent combustion fines, but not subjected in other parts to direct heat, will suffer very little wear and tear. Once being in operation, the side walls as well as the dome are kept at a comparatively low and constant temperature and therefore these walls will stay tight and no leaks will be produced.

The height of the top of the dome of my lo'w-chambered oven is about one-half of the width and the height of the side-walls is about one-third of the width. By reason of my improved heating system with sole ring, I keep a substantially uniform low temperature throughout the low oven chamber. I carbonize the charge from both ends of the sole of the oven and heat the sole in a uniform manner, thereby avoiding iiuctuations of temperature in the oven chamber. The large heat reflecting surfaces of internally fired ovens as in bee hive ovens are done away with, and as the gases loaded with the by-products are kept at a comparatively low and uniform temperature throughout the oven chamber, they are not decomposed, the product-ion and treatment of the gases taking place in a uniform manner.

)wing to the fact that the heat for coking the charge is applied from below only and that the gases which issue from the charge will travel through zones which are lower in temperature than those at which they have been produced, the gases containing the valuable b v-products will leave the oven in an unimpaired condition. Neither the illuminants in the gases nor the ammonia or tar can be decomposed, and therefore the highest amount of these roducts will result therefrom. The tar will also show a very low content of free carbon.

Many disadvantages which occur in vertical by-product ovens are avoided in my oven.

It does not matter whether shrinking or expanding coal is carbonized; the charge is by mere gravity bound to press close on the entire heating kwall and therefore no crevices can be produced. Furthermore, decompositions of the valuable by-products, as very frequently occurs in the large modern by-product oven, is completely avoided. The heat being applied in the oven from below only, the degasification of the coal takes place in an ascending direction and the crude gases carrying these byproducts always pass zones much below the temperature at which these gases were prop duced. Owing to this fact, and to the law of heat conductivity governing this method of carbonizing the coal, it follows that the gases issuing from the coal travel in an opposite direction from the source of heat, the gases passing the zones in an upward directionwill decrease in temperature inversely proportional to the distance from the heated bottom of the oven.

Fig. l of the drawings is a longitudinal section of one embodiment of my invention. Fig. 2 is an end elevation of Fig. 1 with fan and stack partly in section. Fig. 3 is a 100 horizontal section on line A-A of Fig. 1. Fig. 4.4 is a detail showing the arrangement of the bottom tiles and the combustion lues on a larger scale and in perspective. Fig. 5 is a plan view of several ovens. Fig. 6 is 105 a longitudinal section of another embodiment of my invention. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section on line A-A of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a cross section on line B-B of Fig. 6. Figs. 9 and 10 constitute a third embodiment 110 of the invention, Fig. 9 being a horizontal section on line A-A of Fig. 10, and Fig. 10 being a vertical section on line C-C of Fig.

9 with portions broken away for clearness. Fig. 11 is a detail showing the uptake con- 115 nection between ,the lower and upper air chambers of the recuperator. Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic view of the charge in a typical large by-product oven chamber heated by side walls.

Figs. 1 to 5 represent one embodiment of the invention. ach of the combustionflues in these figures extends along the entire len th of the oven. Each flue is supplied with fresh gas and air and the con- 125 struction is such that the flues receive the fresh air and gas supply in an alternating manner, i. e. the fresh gas and air enter from one side of the oven into one set of lues and the products of combustion 130 are discharged into the waste main of thev rei cuperator located at the opposite endof the oven, lwhile in the other set ofvcombustion flues Jfresh gas and air are supplied to themnext to the discharge ends of the adjacent flues of the first set, their contents be- -ing discharged into the opposite recuperator. As shown the oven of Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 'comprises a duplex flue system made up of two sets of iues 1 and 2, supplied at opposite ends of the oven with short air nozzles 3 and vgas nozzles 4, two recuperators 5, 6 arranged near opposite ends of the oven, a coking chamber 7, charging apertures `8 and a by-product gas offtake 9.- A The coking chamber may be supplied vwith two bricks 10 to retain the coal in place atthe ends-of the charge. The recuperators 5 and 6 have central waste mains 11,'12 which are connected with the discharge ends 13 and 14 of the lues by means of a plurality of vertical channels 15 and passages 16. Each recuperator has a lower air chamber 17 18, connected to an upper air distributing b er 19, 20 by means of an uptake connection 200 illustrated in Fig 11. Short hot air pipes 22 connect the air distributing chamber to air 'nozzles 3 which lead into the combustion iiues. The air for combustion is supplied to the lower air chambers 17, 18 by a fan 19 as shown in Fig. 5 `Gras for the combustion-fiuesis supplied by return gas pipes 21 which through 4connec- .tionsl 23 supply the gasto the gas nozzles 4. The recuperators' as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 5 run beneath the ovens, transverse thereto, along the entire battery. Their waste mains are connected with a suitable chimney 24. Each ove-n is Iprovided at each end with 'a door 25 which seals the oven chamber .hermetically Tracks 26 carry the'coal lorries. l The combustion gases low in opposite directions as shown by the arrows. Shortly after the oven is in operation t an 'equilibriumA of temperature 'will be.4 reached and the entire floor will be uniformly heated, the more so because by regulating the air and gas valves one can at the end of the oven having' a smaller number of gas and air nozzles supply and consume more gas and air than on the Iopposite end having more air andv gas ports. This matter yof regulation can be carried out with great accuracy. Both air and gas valves are readily accessible, are

above the light..

By dividing the space covered by the com ustion lues into anfeven ynumber of flues, both sides ofthe oven may be supplied with the same number of nozzles. The oven as shown in Fig. 1 is somewhat ground andare exposed todaysimpler and less expensive to construct than the type represented in F igs. 6 and 7. However, it is more a matter of local conditions,

lquality 'of coal, etc., which of the oven types should be given preference as both constructions will give very good results f and are veryeiiicient.

The bottom of the oven consists of three courses of which the two upper courses 27 areY made of regular refractory material while the lowest course 28 may loe-made of a composition of high -non-conductivity.

'The bottoms will then act as a heat magacated underneath the sole of the oven. The

combustion iiues are formed' by a vertical wall 31 and horizontal top walls 32 and 33 forming the sole of the oven and horizontal bottomy walls 34 and 35. Suitable means are provided for connecting the'lues with the waste gas main, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7; each combustion Hue 29 and 30 has its separate vertical waste gas channel 36 and 37, each of which is connected by a corresponding short passage 38 `and 39 with the waste mains 40 and 41 respectively, which form a part of the recuperator. Means are provided for introducing fresh air and gas into the combustion tlues, at opposite ends of the oven. Located at both ends of the oven are the gas nozzles or ports 42 and air ports 43. Valves 44` and 45 are provided for regulating the gas and air supply. The gas nozzles 42 are connected by branch pipe 46 with the return'gas pipe 47 placed on top of the ovens, which receives its gas supply froma glasholder (not shown) in the usual way. eading fromvthe hot air distributing chamber 48 of the recuperator,

hot air is supplied tothe nozzles 43 by means of air pipes 49 thus giving the required air for burning the gases flowing into each combustion flue. The gas inlet 42 is located above the air inlet 43 in walls 5() which seal the combustion'flues on both sides vof the oven. As is better shown in Fig. 8, the walls 5 0 have also sight or peep'holes 51 for each fiue so it will enable the workman not only to observe the entire combustion process in each iiue and from both sides of the oven, but also to regulate the gas and air` supply at will. To this end an iron frame 52 isprovided which has a suitable door 53 which can be opened when such observations and regulations are re ured. Means are provided for preheating te air used to burn theY gas required for heating the sole of the oven. 1n accordance with my invention a preheating system is prointo the lower air chambers 59 and 60, and

vided underneath the sole of the oven, between its ends and supplying heated air to both ends of the oven. In the particular embodiments of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1-8, two preheaters are utilized whereas in the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10 a single preheater of increased ca pacity is provided. As illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7 two recuperators 54 and 55 are arranged in the middle of the oven beneath the combustion flues, each' receiving separately in the respective waste mains 40 and 41 the products of combustion from each series of combustion tlues 29 and 30. These fiues are individually connected with vertical channels 36 and 37, (separated from each other by separating wall 300), the channels connecting with the waste mains by means of passages 38 and 39. The flow of waste gases can be regulated by means of a suitable slide valve or stone 56 placed in the upper part 'of the recuperator wall and attached to a rod 57 whose end terminates in a handle 58. One slide valve is provided for each flue. The valve 56 can thus be projected more or less into-the vertical channels 36 or 37 so as -to regulate the flow. The air for combustion is supplied, as in Figs. 2 and 5, by a fan 19, and is propelled all along the oven battery on .both sides flows through an uptake connecting the lower with the upper air distributing chamber into the air distributing chamber 4S from which it goes through the hot air pipes 49 -to burn the incoming combustible gases. Because ofthe construct-ion of the recuperator, its connection to the flue system, in combination with its arrangement underneath the battery of ovens, the air has to travel a long distance in the recuperator in a battery comprising only a moderate number of mylow-chambered ovens. Consequently it is exposed to a much larger heating surface and is heated to a higher temperature than can be done with an oven system which provides for each oven a separate recuperator. Moreover, my oven system providing a recuperator asshown in combination with my low-chambered oven, has many practical advantages. As can be seen from Figs. 1 to 8, the recuperators are placed within the oven structure proper and beneath the combustion tlues either in the center or on both sides of the'oven in such a manner that they will not interfere with the operation of the ovens either from They are connected with both ends of the oven. The combustion lues are individually connected with the 'waste mains of the recuperator by short channels. A very effective undertired carbonization system is thus produced. At the same time the recuperator is protected against the constant vibrations of the rolling coke cars and the coke pusher, and its stability is therefore improved.

As shown, the oven has very low side walls 61 and is crowned by a low arch 62. As indicated above. the relation ot' the base of the oven to its height is about two to one or three to one, whereas in the wasting type of rectangular oven the relation is about one to one. The dome is provided with a number of charging apertures 63 and a gas offtake 64 which is connected with a tar main 65 in the usual manner and from which the gases are led to a condensation plant for recovering the by-products, which need not be shown or described herein.

Means are provided to prevent leakage in the bottom of the oven. Fig. 4 illustrates the construction in a perspective view and on a larger scale. As shown in this drawing I use two courses of tiles 32 and 33 of suitable thickness, which are placed upon the vertical walls 31. these tiles is provided with tongues and grooves; the lower course is made of straight sided bricks, or vice versa. Fig. 4 which represents the floor on which the material ,to be carbonized is placed and the combustion tlues consists entirely of best silica material, for it is constantly subjected to a high temperature. As is well known, silica ma- The upperl course of terial expands to a considerable degree when heated. The-purpose of the arrangement as shown in Fig. 4 is therefore twofold. In the first place to avoid leaks and crevices in the sole of the oven, and secondly, to dispose of the expansion of the silica tiles in a. practical manner. To accomplish this I provide organic joints 66 between the bricks ot' the upper and lower courses 32 and 33 which run parallel to the direction of the vertical walls 31, and are filled either with pasteboard or some other combustible ma.- terial. Organic joints 67 are provided for courses 32 and 33 running crosswise to the vertical walls 31. Having disposed of expansion ot' the silica in both directions, lengthwise and crosswise, no disturbances can occur by the movement of the brickwork. It will also be noticed that the vertical walls 31 Vare provided with organic joints 68 to take care of the expansion which is considerable on account ot' the great length of the vertical walls. It is of advantage that the bottom tiles 32 and 33 are located upon the solid support of the vertical walls .31 and also that the expansion joints rest upon a solid base. The joints crosswise of the lower course 33 being broken by the middle of the brick of the upper course 32 which is provided with tongues and grooves, the sole of the oven is t-hus secured against shortcircuiting by leaks. The construction of is easily demonstrated by selecting any one in the combustion lues will always strike a `ceiling 99 of the waste main.

solid surface which willmake it impossible to enter `itrom the combustion flue into the coking chamber or vice versa.

-By the construction described above, T have entirely done away with any intervening packings, and its disadvantages. It enables meto obtain the full benefit of applying the heat directly to the floor tiles and nevertheless in a manner whereby the floor is made tight. Various embodiments of my invention are shown in the drawings. Arrows show the direction of the flow of the gases. In Figs. 6 and 7 two combustion lue systems are used separated from each other by the vertical cross wall 30. Each flue system has at one end a fresh gas and air supply and at the other'end a connection to the waste main. Fresh gas and air are thus'supplied to the iues from opposite ends of the oven to each individual flue. This construction enables me to carbonize the charge in the shortest possible time.

Figs. 9 and 10 show another embodiment of my'invention. Tn the short axis of the oven there is as shown in Fig. 9 a separating wall 80 dividing the combustion lues into two halves. The gas and air inlets 81 and 82 and also the outlets 83 for the waste products of combustion are located at both ends of the oven but discharge the resultant products of combustion into one recuperator 84 located in the middle of the oven. This recuperator unites two of the devices into enel, simpliiies them and economizes materia.

The oven chamber 85 with its charging apertures 86 and its byroduct gas oiita-ke 87 is heated under the soli; 88 by the combustion-lines 89, 90. Gas and air are supplied alternately to each flue of each due system. Openings 91, 92 in the end halves of the iiues connect theffront half of each lue with the discharge half of the flue. The flue finally discharges its products of combustion by means of' vertical branch channels 93, 94 and horizontal channels 95, 96 into the waste main 97. Posts 98 support the Air and gas follows the direction of the arrows. .The lower air chamber 100 and the upper air distributing chamber'101 run the length of the recuperator and are connected by an uptake as in tlie other constructions illustrated Hot air is delivered from the air distributing chamber 101 by means of pipes 102 to the air nozzles 82. Gas is supplied to the gas nozzles 81 by means of branch.

pipe 103 coming from the return gas main (not shown). v ,y y

`Having now explained the construction of my invention, Twill now vdescribe its operation.

`Assumin the oven has been previously heated to t the oven is charged by the apertures located in the roof; the coal is then levelled in the usual manner after which the doors are hermetically closed and seated to avoid the entrance of air. The gas and air nozzles are opened and the gas ignited, whereupon the distillation of the charge isy started. The

process of heating the oven is-continued until all the volatiles from the coal have beendriven o' and the coke is left as a residue. The

Vdoors ofthe oven are then opened and the coke is removed from the oven by a pusher of suitable construction, quenched by water and loaded in cars to its destination. The control and regulation of the heat is very simple and is carried out in a positive manner by the air and gas valves. These are favorably located, being exposed to daylight and at such a height that they can be comfortably manipulated by any grown person.

' The peep holes being placed in every flue on both sides, the whole process of combustion can be observed from one end to the other. This is a great advantage in practical operation, hazardous guess work being entirely avoided.

Owing to the improved construction andv the manner in which the coal is degasiied e proper temperature required,

in this oven, all products obtained Willbe throughout ofthe best quality. The byproduct gases issue from the charge in my oven as shown by the arrows in Fig. 8 and travel through zones which are lower in temperature than those at which they have been produced. They leave they oven in an unimpaired condition. This action differs therefore from that which takes pla-ce in a byproduct oven heated by side walls, the oven chamber of which is illustrated in Fig. 12, the gases of which are generated at the surfaces 200 of the oven chamber and ascend as shown by the arrows and remain in contact with the hot walls of the oven chamber. This action 'subjects them to some decomposition. The gases generated in the middle of the coke charge at 201 likewise pass through a long path in the hot coke before they emerge, which also subjects them to decomposition. Although T have described the oven as heated by a part of the gas obtained from the coal, it can also be operated by heating with producer gas and in that case the entire amount of gas obtainable from the coal can be utilized after the .byproducts have been recovered7 fordllumination, power, heating and other industrial purposes, at the same time producing a hard-bodied metallurgical coke.

My invention can alsobe applied to already built rectangular ovens of the wasting ery can be done w".tl1out interferingwith the side walls or dome or with the general arrangement of the ovens.

Having described my invention, what l claim is: l. A coke oven comprising an elongated oven chamber. open at both ends. said ends provided with doors for sealing the oven chamber against the admission of air. said oven chamber being also provided with a sole constructed to receive the charge in a horizontal layer, a plurality of flues underneath the sole of the oven for heatingA it, and gas' and air ports for each flue. the gas and air ports being arranged adjacent the inlet ends of the flues and at both ends of the oven.

2. A rectangular coke oven comprising an oven chamber'. a plurality of separate and independent. iues. for heating itfrom beneath t-he sole, air and gas ports for introducing gas and air into each of said lues',

said ports located beneath the sole at each` end of the oven; means for sealing the oven chamber and an oltale conduit connected to the oven chamber for leading the gases therefrom. Y

3. In a coke oven having an oven chamber sealed against the admission of air, a. plurality of separate and independent combustion iues located beneath the sole, one or more waste mains, channels for connecting the combustion ues with the waste main or mains whereby each ue discharges its products of combustion by a direct path into said waste main or Ina-ins, and gas and air ports located at each end of the oven for supplying gas and air to said iiues for heat-ing them.

4. In a coke oven with an elongated oven chamber heated from below the sole, the combination of two flue systems7 gas and air ports at opposite ends' of the oven for rsupplying heat-to said flues, two preheating devices located underneath the combustion fines, between the ends of the oven and connected to the two flue systems, a waste main constituting a part of each preheating device and channels for connecting the lues with their corresponding waste main.

5. 1n a rectangular coke oven with byproduct recovery, a sealable oven chamber,

. separate and independent combustion fiues underneath the sole of the inlets at both ends of the heating gases to said llues, said oven chamber having low side walls and a low arch, the height of the dome being less th-an the width of the sole of the oven chamber.

6. In a coke oven with an oven chamber sealed agalnst the admission of air heated from below the sole, the combination of a plurality of separate and independent combustion ues beneath the heating floor. each running along the entire length of the oven oven, gas and air oven for supplying and means for introducing gas and air to each of said flues. said means being arranged adjacent both ends of the oven.

7. In a by-product coke oven heated from below the sole. two sets of separate and independent combustion liues beneath the oven, each running its entire length, and two groups of gas and air ports. one group for each set of flues, one group arranged at one side of the oven and the other group at the other side for introducing on each side of the oven into said combustion tlues fresh gas and air in such a manner as to producea heating of the sole by means of combustion gases having a unifiow travel in each set of tlues. the gases in the two sets of lues flowing in opposite directions.

8. In a coke oven, with an oven chamber sealed against the admission of air heated from below the. sole, separate and independent Combustion fiues underneath the oven, each running its entire length, air and gas parts therefor, valves for regulating them to heat the sole from both ends of the oven simultaneously, the combustion gases tlowing in opposite directions and two prehea-ting devices for the air located at opposite ends of the oven underneath the combustion flues.

9. 1n a coke oven with an oven chamber sealed against the admission of air heated from below the sole the said oven chamber being elongated and having a sole constructed to receive the charge in a. horizontal layer, the combination ot' a plurality of separate and independent combustion ues, each running the entire length of the oven. recuperators, gas and air ports at each end of the oven for supplying each flue with fresh gas and air, waste mains channels connecting said-fines and said waste mains, thereby dis- 'charging the products of combustion into the waste mains of thevrecuperators, said waste mains being located at opposite ends of the oven.

l0. In a rectangular coke oven with byproduct recovery heated from below the sole. the combination of an oven chamber sealed aga-inst the admission of air. a plurality of combustion fines each running the entire length of the oven, the alternate flues being supplied with fresh gas and air from opposite sides of the oven. a sealed sole, a. recuperator located at each end beneath and within thev base of the oven for preheating the air supplied to the combustion iues and peep holes at both ends of each combustion 11.1n a rectangular coke oven heated from below the sole, the combination with two flue systems underneath the sole, each comprising a plurality ofd individual lues,

said ovens for supplying gas and air to the Miv Hues and means for regulating the said A'gas and air supply for each individual Hue at will.

12. In a rectangular bjr-product coke oven heated from both ends of the oven, the combination of a heating Hoor consisting of two courses of tiles, the uppercourse being provided with tongues and grooves, the lower with plane edged tiles, vertical walls for supporting said tiles, the longitudinal joints inlet and a discharge end, air and gas ports,

located at opposite ends of the oven, for introducing fresh air and gas into each Hue, two recuperators located beneath the oven and connected to the combustionHues so as to receive the products of combustion from the Hues and to preheat the air' supplied to the Hues and an ol'take conduit connected to the oven chamberfor leading the gases therefrom. I

Alil. lnl a coke ovenhaving a sealed oven chamber, a plurality of separate, straight and independent combustion Hues, located beneath the sole, forming two sets of combustion Hues, inlet ports for air and as located at opposite ends of the oven for supplyin air andT gas to the inlet ends of the' straig t Hues, two recuperators located beneath the oven, each containing a waste main and an air preheating chamber, channels for connecting the discharge ends of the straight Hues with the waste mains of the recuperat-ors, hot air pipes connecting the air preheating chambers with the air inlets so as to preheat the air supply to each end of ythe combustion Hues and an offt-ake pipe connected to the oven chamber for leading the gasses therefrom.Y

15. A duplex underred distillation oven comprising an elongated oven chamber sealed against the admission of air having a sole for receiving the charge in a horizontal layer, two or more separate, straight Hues underneath the sole of the oven chamber for heating the charge, air and gas ports for supplying air and gas for combustion to each Hue, said gas and air ports being arranged adjacent to'both ends of the elongated oven chamber, and means for preheating the-air.

16. A duplex underfired coke oven with rectangular sole and an oven chamber sealed against the yadmission of air, for receiving the charge in a horizontal layer upon the oven sole, the gases from the charges ascending into the space in the oven chamber above the charge, said oven having a plurality of. parallel, oblong, separate Hues arranged side by side underneath the sole of the oven chamber for heating the charge and air and gas ports 'for supplying air and gas for combustion to said Hues, said ports being arranged adjacent to opposite ends of the oven. v

17. A coke`oven heated from below the sole and having an oven chamber with doors at opposite sides sealed against the admission of vair the sole being constructed to receive the charge in a horizontal layer, comprising two Hue systems arranged beneath the soleI of the oven chamber and having iiilet 'ends at opposite sides of the Hue systems, and air and gas ports arranged adjacent to the inlet ends of the Hue systems for simultaneously supplying air and gas to each of the Hues of each system to heat the Hues.

18. A coke oven heated frombelow the sole and having a low-roofed elongated oven chamber with doors at opposite sides sealed 90` against the admission of air, for receiving the charge in a horizontal layer upon the j oven sole, the gases from the charge ascending into the space in the oven chamber above thecharge, said oven having two Hue sys'- tems arranged beneath the sole of the oven chamber and having inlet ends at opposite sides of the Hue system, each Hue system comprising a set of parallel, separate adjacent Hues, and means arranged adjacent to 100 the inlet end of the Hue systems for supplying air and gas to'v heat the Hues.

19. A coke oven heated from below the sole and having an oven chamber sealed against the admission of air and two Hue systems arranged beneath the sole of the oven chamber and having inlet ends at opposite sides of the Hue systems, each H-ue system comprising. a set of parallel separate adjacent Hues, means arranged adjacent to the inlet ends of the Hue systems for supplying air and gas to heat the Hues, and recu, perators extending transversely of and beneath -the oven chamber for preheating the air for combustion in the combustion Hues,

20. 'A coke ovens. heated from below the sole and having an elongated oven chamber sealed against the admission of air with sole and having an elongated, sealed oven chamber, the width of the sole of said chamber being greater than the height and adapted to receive the charge in a horizontal layer, said oven including two or more separate flues underneath the sole of the oven chamber for heating the charge and means for simultaneously supplying preheated air and gas to the flues said means being arranged near the respective ends of the elongated chamber.

Q2. A coke oven heated from below the sole and having an elongated, sealed oven chamber, the width of the sole of said chamber being greater than its height and adapted to receive the charge in a horizontal layer said oven chamber provided Wit-h doors at opposite ends, said oven including two flue systems arranged beneath the sole of the oven chamber and having inlet ends atopposite sides of the flue systems, each flue system comprising a set of parallel adjacent flues, means arranged adjacent to the lnlet ends of the flue systems for supplying air and gas to heat the lues and recuperators extending transversely of and beneath the oven chamber for preheating the air for combustion in the combustion fines.

23. A distillation oven comprising an oven chamber, open at both ends, said ends provided with doors for sealing the oven chamber against the admission of air, said oven chamber being also provided with a sole constructed to receive the charge in a horiontal layer, a plurality of flues underneath he sole of the oven for heating it, and means adjacent the inlet ends of the flueS and at both ends ot' the oven, for supplying gas and air to the fiues.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my naine to this specication, in .the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

BERNHARD ZVILLINGER.

Witnesses:

N. F. BIssING, JEROME RENITZ. 

